buy custom Students Assessment Process essay

buy custom Students Assessment Process essay Student assessment is a fundamental link between effective learning and teaching. Student assessment is a measurement instrument of student outcomes. The assessment process can be more than an evaluation that leads to a grade in a course or on an assignment. It should however be noted that student evaluation is the end result of successful learning and teaching assessment. Two educational entities web sites that describe their student assessment process The two websites visited include; The National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) and Instructional Assessment Resources (IAR). The National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) is the biggest national representative and continuing assessment of what Americas students know and perform in various subject areas. NAEP conducts assessment periodically in Mathematics, Reading, Science, Writing, Arts, Civics, Economics, Geography and U.S History (NAEP, 2011). NAEP assessments are carried out uniformly using the same sets of test booklets across the country. NAEP assessment results are used to serve a common metric for all states and selected urban districts (NAEP, 2011). NAEP assesses students based on the subject on the matter achievement, instructional experiences. The assessment results of NAEP are dependent on representative samples of students at grades 4, 8 and 12 for the main assessments (Beatty, 1994). NAEP also uses samples of students at ages 9, 13, or 17 years for the long-term trend assessments. The ages and grades are considered because they represent important stages in students academic achievement (NAEP, 2011). NAEP conducts both national and state assessments. The national assessments cover a broad range of subjects such as Reading, Mathematics, Science, Writing, Arts, Civics, Economics, Geography, and U.S History. NAEP (2011) indicated that these assessments follow the frameworks developed by the National Assessment Governing Board. For national assessments, students in public and private schools are assessed but at state level, NAEP conducts assessment in public schools only. According to Instructional Assessment Resources (IAR) students assessment involves data collection from accepted analysis methods in order to monitor, draw conclusions, make recommendations and improve student learning (IAR, 2011). The Instructional Assessment Resources (IAR) follows three main steps which include planning, gathering data and reporting results. IAR first considers the subject area, difficulty, constraints, expected student results and other features of the course or activity which sets the frame of reference for all subsequent planning decisions in a student assessment (IAR, 2011). It is important to determine whether the process will use the assessment to informally monitor student work, provide feedback, document progress and to formally evaluate student knowledge. IAR (2011) publication mentioned that it is important to decide how often the assessment process will be conducted. An assessment plan is significant because it details how to implement the assessment. The plan includes the course learning objectives, assessment points, the assessment methods and the performance criteria for each method (IAR, 2011). During the IAR student assessment process, data gathering focuses on the best way to implement the various assessment methods (IAR, 2011). The process should put emphasis on the processes and methods to assess student learning, performance criteria for all approaches used and ethical or grading concerns (IAR, 2011). Using the IAR student assessment process, at the start and end of the semester, students complete assessments that are used to determine their strengths and opportunities for improvement in areas of strategic learning. IAR publication notifies that the results of this assessment do not affect their final grade in the course (IAR, 2011). NAEP student assessment process intends students answer questions based on a variety of age appropriate reading materials such as stories, poems reports and advertisements. According to NAEP (2008) publication Trends in Academic Progress the assessment process is designed to measure students ability to locate specific information in the text provided, make inferences based on information in two or more parts of the text and identify the main idea in the text. The publication continues to say that students reading skills were assessed using multiple-choice questions and some constructed response questions (NAEP, 2008, p. 8). The NAEP (2008) publication also stated that the skills and abilities shown by students performing at different points on the reading scale help to provide additional context for understanding changes in students performance over time (p. 12). Using the NAEP student assessment processes, the results obtained are in terms of average scale scores, percentiles and five performance levels. The assesment results are described by race, gender and type of school (Beatty, 1994). Identify the goals and assumptions inherent in these processes and assessment instruments. Goals The goal of student assessment is to show reliable evidence that learning relative to course goals has occurred (Siebert McIntosh, 2001). The assessment is congruent with this role because they put more emphasis on the measurement of learning outcomes over more course completion. Apart from measuring the outcomes, assessment can be used to inform instruction. Siebert McIntosh (2001) says that through studying the students in the class and collecting data that inform about the progress hence establish the effectiveness of the teaching practice. Siebert McIntosh (2001) also noted that a well designed assessment can be used as a learning tool by students hence assessments provide students with feedback on the efficacy of their study habits and therefore allow students to assess their own learning (p. 57). Another goal of assessment is that they help students to provide information only on what students know and do not know based on that assessment, taken on that day (Psencik, 2009). Students assessment measures their perceptions of their teachers practices in the same domains and allows comparisons of the discrepancies between each student and their teachers perceptions of classroom practices in each domain of classroom practice McCombs Miller (2008). In addition, Psencik (2009) says that through student assessment, teams involved establishment a commitment to mapping as one of several tools they will develop together for their learning as well as their students learning. Assessment results are used to determine the retention or promotion of students, rating of schools based on single test data, or differentiated pay for staff whose students score high. Student assessment can be part of every instructional opportunity and experience. Avery (2003) mentioned that the data gathered during the assessment process serves to improve the instruction and ensure student learning (p. 20). They are used to measure student learning outcomes, and the process is iterative, cyclical and leads to action. In addition, Avery (2003) also says that an effective assessment plan will produce data to show that students are learning and we are accountable and to depict the integral value of librarians to the educational process. Assumptions While carrying out the student assessment process, the assumptions cannot be overlooked. Psencik (2009) noted that the first assumption is that professional learning communities who are most successful engage in rigorous learning through designing aligned, reliable and valid assessment instruments. Psencik thus says that there should be continuous learning of new ways of and for assessing student learning and work to develop powerful instruments (2009). The second assumption is that the more teachers are involved in the process with the students, the deeper the teachers and students understand the students progress and the goals students need to set for themselves (Psencik, 2009). The third assumption is that as teaching teams design and use common assessments of and for learning, they will develop deeper understanding of the concepts and standards for their courses of study. Psencik (2009) also says that it is assumed that during the assessment process, the teams will begin to visualize what students are actually doing when they are proficient, and explore new and different instructional strategies(p. 65). Analyze the instrument's quality and appropriateness. The design and implementation of an effective assessment tool in a school, school district, or state presents many challenges hence there is a need for a careful assessment of the instruments quality and appropriateness. Doran (2002) says that an appropriate instrument must use format that enable students to demonstrate what they know and what they can do (p. 15). An appropriate instrument and tasks must collect relevant data and information that are consistent, informative, reliable and valid to all students (Doran, 2002). In this context, it can be noted that both IAR and NAEP instruments are appropriate because they are flexible, adaptable enough to accommodate a variety of learning styles and language proficiencies, enabling students to demonstrate their knowledge and skills in multiple ways. The assessments must be consistent with the decision they are designed to inform. Siebert McIntosh (2001) noted that achievement and opportunity to learn science must be assessed. Also the technical quality of the data collected is well matched to the decision and actions taken on the basis of their interpretation. In addition the inferences made from assessments about student achievement and opportunity to learn must be sound (Siebert McIntosh, 2001). Another important feature of assessment is that it is an ongoing process aimed at understanding and improving student learning. Siebert McIntossh (2001) indicated that student assessment involves making our expectations explicit and public, setting the necessary criteria and high standards for learning quality (p. 58). The assessment process is governed by systematically gathering, analyzing, and interpreting evidence to establish how well performance matched the expectations and standards. Assessment helps key stakeholder to focus on their collective attention, examine their assumptions and create a shared academic culture dedicated to assuring and improving the quality of education (Siebert McIntosh, 2001). In her studies, Avery (2003) noted that classroom-level assessment can take relatively simple forms. This assessment process is legitimate and highly informative and implementation and data analysis are easily managed. The classroom assessment techniques (CATs) give continuous feedback and therefore it enables us to be confident students are learning. Avery (2003) further says that CATs also can be used to obtain formative or summative student learning information. Through student assessment process we are able to determine if students have obtained critical thinking skills, the behaviors and the abilities to synthesize crucial concepts and ideas. National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) student assessment process enables institutions to capture the bigger picture of student information literacy skills. Avery (2003) noted that information literacy assessment within a classroom setting includes strategies that focus on course syllabus, products for the course and the process by which students create those products (p. 10). The methodologies used in this assessment process include evaluation of bibliographies, reviews of assignments and underscore the research process and the use of portfolios or journals. In order to make these assessment processes to be effective the goals and objectives of the instruction must be explicit and fully understood by the students as well as the teacher (Avery, 2003). While carrying out the assessment in Instructional Assessment Resources (IAR), the assessment tools are matched with both the definition or theory being used and the goals of the assessment (Starko, 2009). The first assumption while carrying out this assessment is that no one assessment has sufficient reliability and validity to be the sole determination of student educational opportunities. This implies that it is important to have different sources of information. Starko (2009) indicated that other sources of student information required in the assessment process include standardized tests, performance assessments, and behavioral observation (p. 307). In Instructional Assessment Resources (IAR) it is recommended that the multiple sources of student information are examined rather than creating an artificial, summed creativity score. In addition, Horvat, Block Kelly (2007) says that most assessment tools are selected based on very practical consideration such as how easy they are or how much time they require to administer. The appropriateness of assessment tools is based on the complexity and subjective nature of many of the behaviors being assessed or if there is ambiguity as to whether a student is consistently demonstrating improvement. Beatty (1994) on the other hand identified that the appropriateness of an assessment tool is dependent on the range of constructed response exercises to stimulate thinking and a wide array of stimuli. IAR assessment exercises were innovative in other respects. Beatty (1994) says that one limitation of this type of assessment is that it frequently presents pieces of information or problems to be solved in isolation. IAR encourages students to consider several different aspects of the subject and have greater opportunity to demonstrate their knowledge and understanding. NAEP assessment tool also encourages students to consider several different aspects of the subject and have greater opportunity to demonstrate their knowledge and understanding. Beatty (1994) NAEP strategy uses two longer sets of exercises known as theme blocks. This assessment tool gives the students the opportunity to showcase their ability to work with a variety of primary and secondary sources to use several different sources at once and to synthesize a body of information. Beatty (1994) says that NAEP also uses multiple choice questions and the assessment includes both short and extended constructed response questions. The advantage of this instrument is that each constructed response question is scored according to a scoring guide or rubric that gives credit for partially correct answers. In conclusion, students assessment process plays an important role in measuring the effectiveness of student learning and teaching process. Both Instructional Assessment Resources (IAR) and National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) student assessment processes require a clear definition of goals and objectives of carrying the procedures. The process employed should be flexible, adjustable enough to take care of a variety of learning styles and language proficiencies. This enables students to reveal their knowledge and talents in numerous ways. Buy custom Students Assessment Process essay

Goethe - a Literary Genius

Goethe - a Literary Genius Johann Wolfgang von Goethe is the most important German literary figure of modern times and is often compared to Shakespeare and Dante. He was a poet, dramatist, director, novelist, scientist, critic, artist and statesman during what was known as the Romantic period of European arts. Even today many writers, philosophers and musicians draw inspiration from his ideas and his plays open to wide audiences in theatres. The Goethe Institut is Germanys national institute for promoting German culture around the world. In German speaking countries Goethe’s works are so prominent they have been referred to as classics since the end of the 18th century. Goethe was born in Frankfurt (Main) but spent most of his life in the city of Weimar, where he was ennobled in 1782. He spoke many different languages and travelled great distances throughout his life. In the face of the quantity and quality of his oeuvre it is tough to compare him to other contemporary artists. Already in his lifetime he managed to become an acclaimed writer, publishing internationally bestselling novels and dramas such as â€Å"Die Leiden des jungen Werther (The Sorrows of Young Werther, 1774) and Faustâ€Å" (1808). Goethe was already a celebrated author at the age of 25, which made explain some of the (erotic) escapades he supposedly engaged in. But erotic topics also found their way into his writing, which in a time coined by rigorous views on sexuality was nothing short of revolutionary. Goethe also played an important role in the â€Å"Sturm und Drang† movement and published some acclaimed scientific work such as â€Å"The Metamorphosis of Plants† and the â€Å"Theory of Color†. The later built on Newton’s work on color, with Goethe asserting that what we see as a specific color depends on the object we see, the light, and our perception. He studied the psychological attributes of color and our subjective ways of seeing them, as well as complementary colors. In so doing, he improved our understanding of color vision. Besides, writing, researching, and practicing law, Goethe sat on several councils for the Duke of Saxe-Weimar during his time there. As a well-travelled man, Goethe enjoyed interesting encounters and friendships with some of his contemporaries. One of those exceptional relationships was the one he shared with Friedrich Schiller. In the last 15 years of Schiller’s life, both men formed a close friendship and even worked together. In 1812 Goethe met Beethoven, who in reference to that encounter later stated: â€Å"Goethe – he lives and wants us all to live with him. It is for that reason that he can be composed.â€Å" Goethe Influence on Literature and Music Goethe had an enormous influence on German literature and music, which sometimes meant he turned up as a fictional character in works of other authors. While he had more of an oblique impact on the likes of Friedrich Nietzsche and Herrmann Hesse, Thomas Mann brings Goethe to life in his novel â€Å"The Beloved returns – Lotte in Weimar† (1940). In the 1970s, German author Ulrich Plenzdorf wrote an interesting take on Goethe’s works. In â€Å"The new Sorrows of Young W.† he brought Goethe’s famous Werther story to the German Democratic Republic of his own time. Very fond of music himself, Goethe inspired countless composers and musicians. In particular, the 19th century saw many of Goethe’s poems turned into musical works. Composers such as Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy, Fanny Hensel, and Robert and Clara Schumann set his poems to music.

Domestic partner benefits Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Domestic partner benefits - Essay Example Further requirements were then added for the partners to continue sharing financial obligations and that they  are  over eighteen (Badgett 2006).. A domestic partnership denotes a much that may be or may not be recognized by law as compared to  marriage. According to  Wikipedia, public and private employers in America provide health insurance and other benefits to spouses and same-sex partners of their employees. The employee receiving benefits for his or her spouse may sometimes be forced to pay tax for the benefits. The qualifications for benefits for domestic partners vary from one employer to the next. Different employers have different benchmarks for those that are suitable for these benefits and those that are not. Domestic partner benefits can be categorized into two: same sex partners and opposite sex partners. It is up to employers to determine which  partnership  to include. Some employers only  recognize  same-sex or different-sex couples, while others acce pt both categories. Employers ought to compensate their employees through more than salaries and wages. They should provide benefits such as health insurance. A growing number of employers are now offering domestic partner benefits to gay, lesbians, bisexual and transgender employees and the  partner’s children. These benefits include health benefits (dental,  sight  and medical); retirement benefits (pension plans); bereavement leave; travel assistance; adoption assistance; education and  tuition  assistance and disability and life insurance. Employers  are known  to create their own definitions of domestic partners. This is to  enable  them to know who is eligible for benefits and who is not.  Same sex  unions were usually left out of this consideration. Employers have since begun offering benefits to  same sex  partners. Employers have traditionally offered benefits, such as health insurance, to the spouses and legal dependants of their employees. In 1982, the first  employer  to break ranks and  offer  domestic partner benefits to its  lesbian  and  gay  employees was a New York City weekly  publication  called the Village Voice. Today, the Human Rights Campaign (a nonprofit organization devoted to working for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender equal rights) claims that employees who  offer  these benefits stand at more than 2,500. In an effort to promote equality in the workplace, more and more employers are choosing to  offer  benefits to domestic partners. However, these efforts to  bring  more  equality  to the workplace are not without  consequence. Before adopting policies that  afford  domestic partners the same benefits that  are afforded  spouses, employers must carefully consider the benefits and risks to such an  approach (Badgett 2006).. Cost of domestic partner benefits According to Michael E. Hamrick (2009), lack of information has made it difficult to  es timate  the overall  cost  of domestic partner benefits. Some employers believe that the cost for providing benefits for domestic partners is much higher than providing benefits for married couples. An  excellent  example comes from a small group  plan  in California. It paid 17.1% more in the same year for

Freudian Approach to Personality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Freudian Approach to Personality - Essay Example It considers the reality of the situation; but its main function is satisfying id. At the end of the phallic stage of development, when the child attains the age of approximately 5 years, super-ego develops due to the moral and ethical constraints placed on the individual by the parents or caregivers. Super-ego is the budding morality or the human conscience that dictates right and wrong and makes the individual hesitate from hurting others. Super-ego is the careful side of the growing child which will stand by it all its life and makes the child more responsible and sociable. Freud said that in a healthy person, ego remains the strongest, because it has to satisfy id, but it will not override super-ego and that makes the individual judgemental, moral, self-righteous, caring and considerate. He believed that at a conscious level, we experience feelings, emotions, desires, impulses and beliefs. He said most of what drives an individual is buried in the unconscious and the unconscious would keep affecting the individual all his life. The impact of the unconscious can never be ruled out and most of the individual's decisions are based on the unconscious. But the unconscious is buried and inaccessible meaning the individual knows only a small portion of his personality because most of it is not accessible. We are mainly aware of the conscious and not much of unconscious. Here, we are confronted with pre-conscious or subconscious or available memory. This is not actively conscious, but an individual can have an access to it whenever he wants, but to a limited extent, though he has to search for it. Sigmund Freud's theory is likened to an iceberg, because the conscious is a small part that shows above the surface, while the biggest unconscious cunningly stays below the surfac e and does not become visible at all. "Freud suggested that all our behavior is motivated by the desire to feel pleasure. That motivation is organized and directed by two instincts: sexuality (Eros), and aggression (Thanatos). Freud conceptualized both these instincts as being powered by a form of internal psychic energy that he called libido" http://intropsych.mcmaster.ca/intropsych/1aa3/Person/lec2-1.htm Allpsychonline - http://allpsych.com/psychology101/ego.html Dr. Freud presented the best known theories of personality that have remained equally controversial. His stages of Psycho-Sexual development consisting of the Oral Stage (birth to 18 months), the Anal Stage (18 months to three years), the Phallic Stage (3 to 6 years), the Latency period (6 to puberty) and the Genital stage (puberty on) shocked the prudish late Victorian and other European societies. He said throughout life, a person tries hard to overcome and control many conflicts, mainly all psychological. ""For Freud life is principally concerned with the management of these conflicts with individuals attempting to maximise instinctual gratification while minimising guilt and punishment. Freud's approach has therefore, been described as a conflict management model of the inner world," Pearce (2003, p.2). According to him, instincts are the driving forces of personality and basic conflicts are individual instincts versus society's needs. He said all human behaviour is motivated by life instincts, and he called this motivational energy libido and called sex the most

Marketing Concepts Essay Example for Free

Marketing Concepts Essay Therefore the customer wins and so does nokia, as nokia once again are satisfying the need of support their customers request and In Conclusion, Marketing isn’t just a posh name for selling; in fact selling is part of the marketing component. It is the process of communicating; selling is the delivery of a product to the potential customer, converting them into actual customers. Whilst it can be assumed that marketing is a posh name for selling, the difference that separates both areas is evident through simple definition and actual process. In order to sell, the consumer must want, need and afford the product, therefore without the process of research, development and catering to the consumers needs, (Marketing) Selling would not be as profitable. An organisation that fails to provide marketing will allow itself to be a business that is hoping to simply sell its products by having it available, assuming the consumers will purchase its product. Whereas an organisation that adapts the marketing concept, caters for the consumer’s wants, needs, price range, customer service, through the research of its objective and the development of these objectives, along with achieving the business goals of the calculated profit it ‘Intends’ to make prior sale. Using the example of Nokia, it is clearly evident that an organisation can only obtain worldwide success through the power of marketing. Should Nokia simply release products to a store without communicating with its consumers, the organisation would be no better off than a market stall that is ‘attempting’ to Sell its products. Instead, Nokia markets its brands and as a result has successfully pre sold its brand with complete knowledge of its consumers wants and needs. For example Nokia markets and provides products for its Personal and Business consumers where as an organisation selling phones, would simply have a range ‘for sale’. Finally, marketing is the process of identifying a need and communicating a message relating to satisfaction of the need through a product to its customer. The marketing process informs the market of who you are and what you do, whilst the sales process begins when a formal offer for services has been made, and concludes when the offer is accepted or rejected. In Conclusion, Marketing isn’t just a posh name for selling; in fact selling is part of the marketing component. An organisation can improve its marketing activities through implementing the marketing concept as this will: * Develop key competencies of knowledge, experience, commitment and communications * Develop strategies through overcoming areas of weakness or threats by competitors through understanding the needs/wants of their customers * Maintain the organisations vision, focus is crucial for the development of objectives and the achievement of these objectives * Allows an organisation to Define, Develop and Deliver Customer Value which in turn will create greater customer loyalty leading to profit creation

the seven years war :: essays research papers

The Seven Years War "Plutot mourir que faillir"("Rather dying than failing")and â€Å"UBIQUE! QUO FAS ET GLORIA DUCUNT" â€Å"Everywhere! Where Right and Glory Lead.† The Seven Years war, or the French and Indian war to Americans, was arguably the first true world. The Seven years war was a worldwide war fought in Europe, North America, and India between. It was France, Austria, Russia, Saxony, Sweden, and (after 1762) Spain on the one side and Prussia, Great Britain, and Hanover on the other (the Americans where there only for the North American theater).This conflict was the result of the ongoing hostilities and the struggle of supremacy between France and Great Britain. In 1754, in North America, George Washington was defeated at Fort Necessity in western Pennsylvania. From that moment on, both France and Great Britain dispatched troops, although not in equal numbers. For France, the war in Europe was the top priority, so the country sent just a few troops. It also co nsidered it was more important to protect its colonies in the West Indies, since sugar cane was more lucrative than the fur trade in New France (Canada). Great Britain on the other hand was determined to destroy France's colonial empire, and it sent more than 20,000 soldiers to America. It must also be noted that American colonists were unable to defend themselves against their Canadian counterparts, who, with the help the Native Americans excelled in the art of the guerilla warfare. For New England, it was imperative to obliterate New France and its Native allies, which were preventing the States from acquiring and occupying new land (New England had a very large population and sought new land to occupy and farm.) France waste no time in the war and attacked the British held island of Minorca. This island ended up in the hands of the French. Although France did well in the war until 1757, the tide proceeded to turn, in favor of the British troops, after William Pitt became Sec. of state for war. The British won several victories right including the battle on the Plains of Abraham in 1759, when James Wolfe defeated the army of Montcalm. Things were far from over, however, because the final result depended on whether France was victorious or defeated. In the end, France was defeated on all fronts (West Indies, the subcontinent of India, Europe and America). The Treaty of Paris, signed by Great Britain, France, and Spain on February 10, 1763, ended the Seven Years' War and its American counterpart, the French and Indian War (1754-1763).

Government Regulations and Standards That Affect the Policy and Target Population Essay

Use the information you gathered for the Week Two assignment and research government regulations and standards that affect the policy and target population you chose. You can research your state’s legislative department or the Web sites listed in Appendix G, for example, for laws, regulations, and standards affecting human service organizations. Describe the current government regulations or standards you researched. What kind of impact do these regulations or standards have on your issue and target population? Identify obstacles that would prevent you from meeting the needs of your target population. Consider future trends and changes to social policy that may be necessary in order for your issue to be resolved or for the target population to have its needs satisfied. Write a 700- to 1,050-word paper in APA format, with references, summarizing your research results. Post your paper as a Microsoft ® Word attachment. Due: Day 7 Michigan Works and the Department of Human Resources are both government funded agencies to assist those in the state of Michigan that are in need of basic survival needs. Both of these agencies work together to help families get back on track to support themselves and develop a better understanding of how to assist themselves. Under the Department of Human Resources (DHS), the regulations to obtain cash assistance or welfare, from the State, the individual needs to attend the Michigan Works program to seek employment (to get off the welfare). Due to major cuts last year, the state has made reformed decisions on ways of obtaining help from the state. Family Independence Program (FIP) also known as cash assistance in the state of Michigan requires the applicants to sign up for the JET program (Jobs, Education and Training) through Michigan Works. The main goal of FIP is to help families become self-supporting and independent. FIP is temporary cash assistance for low-income families with minor children and pregnant women. FIP helps them pay for living expenses such as rent, heat, utilities, clothing, food and personal care items. Recently, the eligibility requirements have gotten tighter. There is a 48 month lifetime limit now, in which thousands lost their assistance last October. Also to qualify for FIP, children must be under the age of 18, or a high school student age 18. The child’s parents, stepparents, and siblings who live together normally make up the FIP group. A relative acting as a parent or legal guardians may be included in the group if the parent is not in the home. A person can sometimes be eligible for FIP when there is no child in the group, such as a pregnant woman, or parents whose child is in foster care but is expected to return home within one year. Only U. S. citizens are eligible for FIP and must only have up to $3,000 in assets. And with assets such as your vehicles and personal belongings are not counted. The property asset limit is $500,000. The state will step in also if one of the parents in not on the same case as the child which would require a support statement through the courts (child support). Finally, anyone who receives cash assistance must attend the JET program to ensure that individual is seeking employment weekly. All programs are there for those who As for policies of FIP, this policy is necessary to ensure that Michigan’s limited resources are available to help those truly in needs that require a hand-up on the road to self-sufficiency. The State of Michigan has a number of programs available to help recipients step toward independence. Many of these programs focus specifically on the welfare of children ensured for their health, care and development. Those programs include Medicaid, Food and Rent Assistance, Child Developmental Care, WIC, MiChild, Step Forward Michigan, Children’s Special Health Services, Michigan Works, Vaccines for Children, Child and Adolescent Health Center Program, Maternity Outpatient Medical Services, State Emergency Relief. The mission for Michigan Works is to provide leadership and services, and promote quality and excellence for the advancement of Michigan’s Workforce Development System and its customers and professionals. Michigan Works! Association was established in 1987 to provide services and support to Michigan’s Workforce Development System. Michigan Works! Agencies assist job seekers and employers in their communities. While each agency is unique, all 25 Michigan Works! Agencies share several fundamental qualities: Locally-responsive and demand-driven, Governed by a Workforce Development Board comprised of private sector representatives and Local Elected Officials, Provide access to a full range of core employment-related services to help businesses find the skilled workers they need, and help job seekers find satisfying careers. Their policies are to educate, train and help obtain employment for anyone who needs it. DHS will designate individuals to Michigan Works to help individuals gain independence and not have to receive welfare. Michigan Works! Association builds and maintains strong relationships with legislators and advocates on behalf of the Michigan Works! System. Through the Association, members can access timely, relevant professional development opportunities to ensure high-quality programs and service delivery to all customers. The Association also convenes meetings as a way for members to network and share best practices, and coordinates events to promote the Michigan Works! System.

American Reconstruction: a Revolution or a Failure?

American Reconstruction: A Revolution or a Failure? Historians Eric Foner and C. Vann Woodward, provide a Tyson Vs Ali fight in the debate over whether the American Reconstruction period was in fact a revolution or a failure. Each provides an in-depth analysis supporting his argument. Foner takes the approach that the Reconstruction was a Revolution, explaining, that â€Å"Reconstruction allowed scope for a remarkable political and social mobilization of black, community, opening doors of opportunity that could never again be completely closed. Woodward takes a much more pessimistic approach arguing, â€Å"The other (failure) is the ruins of Reconstruction, the North’s failure to solve the problem of the black peoples place in American life. â€Å" Foner’s argument is based on the immediate political and civil rights that the freedmen were given after the emancipation through the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments, and how the mindset of the south was altered forever. N ew adjustments such as the Homestead Act of 1862 and many other social and political changes were grounds to label the Reconstruction Era a revolution.Foner believed although nearly every authority and right that the freedmen were given were eventually taken back after the Reconstruction finally ended in 1867, the mindset and the drastic changes that took place would stay with America throughout its history, and therefore was revolutionary. Woodward’s pessimistic response to America’s optimistic take on the Reconstruction being revolutionary was based on the idea that in the long run what actually was accomplished was not very influential.With the exception of the amendments that were established after the Civil War, the hope of the freedmen sharing equality with the whites was taken away after the Reconstruction, and therefore was a total failure. The South’s resistance against the freedmen gaining any sort of political or social power was stronger than the wil l of the North to help bring equality to the South and according to Woodward, denies Reconstruction being a failure because they were to headstrong to admit defeat. When looking back at the Reconstruction and asking whether or not it was evolutionary, one must consider the affect it had on the country once the period ended. The answer is, the Reconstruction had had little to no influence on society once it had come to a halt after the election of President Hayes in 1867, and therefore cannot be considered a revolution. When talking about a revolution, what is being considered is a drastic change in culture, politics, and social structure, and the Reconstruction does meet those requirements. Looking into what occurred during the Reconstruction, the only true accomplishments that won out were those that came from the resistance of the South.When Foner makes his attempt to sway the reader’s minds into following his argument that the Reconstruction was revolutionary, he fails to point out any substantial examples of the freedmen overcoming the resistance of the South without the help of the government. For example the Homestead Act of 1862 was enforced by the government to make available land to freedmen which belonged to former land owners, (many of which were former slave owners) however when the Homestead Act was put in place, only one-tenth of the land was distributed to new land owners.Other examples such as sharecropping were also non-substantial as it triggered a new labor system which consisted of land owners advertising work to immigrants and hiring them to work for low wages and rations of bacon and cornmeal, which was a similar the experiments in the West Indies with the â€Å"coolies. â€Å" How is forcing the freedmen and their families on the streets and living in poverty in anyway revolutionary? It was only until the government stepped in and put and end of what Foner called a, â€Å"New modification of the slave trade† that the free dmen even had an opportunity to work for wages on plantations.One can argue that this was a change in how the labor system worked, but can something so minute be considered revolutionary? Once the government refuted one attempt at resistance from the South, another emerged. In 1865 the Black Codes were established in all different states throughout the South. These codes limited what the black man was able to do for a living and gave no opportunity to own land, making the situation for freedmen similar to what it was before the emancipation.Other forms of resistance, such as the radical group Ku Klux Clan brought terror and destruction to the South. Radical Reconstruction groups did not match the will of the resistance and therefore Reconstruction did little good for the former slaves. Every attempt to make the former slaves equals to whites was not accomplished because the Resistance in the South would not allow it. Woodward says, â€Å"The failure of Reconstruction is to be expla ined by the lack of revolutionary measures. If the attempt of Reconstruction was more radical, there could possibly be an argument that it was revolutionary, but the truth is the counter-revolution was stronger than the actual revolution. People were scared for their lives, terror and anger filled the streets, and the South was not a safe environment for the freedmen and their families. In conclusion, the only real gain that the freedmen received during the Reconstruction were the 13th, 14th and 15th amendments that were added to the Constitution following the end of the Civil War.All other gains were taken back with the election of President Haynes in 1867, after he made a deal to end Reconstruction in the South if elected president. Now compare what was accomplished to the other revolutions in History, the American Revolution, which separated the United States from British authorities and the French Revolution, where the people physically overthrew their government and established a democracy. Those were drastic shifts in society that defined what a revolution is.The idea that Reconstructions was a revolution would be the side that says the government establishing three laws was a revolution. This is a very weak argument, especially when the amendments that were passed were not accepted by the majority of the South and therefore not practiced due to the radical’s response of violence and terror. Revolutions are drastic changes that affect the country forever, and the Reconstruction simply did not meet the requirements to even be considered a revolution. Bibliography : 1.Eric Foner, â€Å"The Politics of Freedom in Nothing but Freedom: Emancipation and its Legacy† (Louisiana: Louisiana State University Press) 2. C. Vann Woodward. â€Å"Reconstruction: A Counterfactual Playback† (Oxford: Oxford University Press 1989) John Recchia Prof. Van Gosse U. S History II 9/20/10 ———————— Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€œ [ 1 ]. Foner, â€Å"The Politics of Freedom†, 10 [ 2 ]. Foner, â€Å"The Politics of Freedom†, 10-11 [ 3 ]. Woodwars, â€Å"Reconstruction: A Counterfactual Playback†, 29 [ 4 ]. Foner, â€Å"The Politics of Freedom†, 11-12

Free Essays on Construction Management

Construction Management Construction management is a very involving and important career. The definition of this career area is basically the management of construction. This may consist of management of the actual site or the politics behind the raw building. This definition, while imprecise and broad, is in essence the heart of the field. It can be more precisely defined through the specifics of the job. Employers around the world are constantly looking for employees with the broad skills and experience to oversee jobsites and all of the mechanics and aspects of construction. Every construction job requires an overseer, someone who has attained the knowledge and skill to maintain an efficient and quality job. Construction management is a broad career choice that is a very important component in the success of a jobsite. Whether it be a corporate building or a home remodel job, a construction manager is just that, the manager of every stage from start to finish. The job of the Manager is to control and extinguish emergencies, such as delays and bad weather, boost employee morale, and schedule and coordinate the design and construction processes. Managers oversee and take part in managing people, supplies, materials, budgets, schedules and contracts of the various people involved. For very large buildings, construction managers are divided into segments. Managers will be split up to oversee and coordinate a specific area of the construction like site preparation, from the excavation to the surveying. Construction managers also take care of the details of the project before there is any ground breaking. Managers evaluate different methods of building and materials to determine the mos t cost affective budget for construction. At the same time managers calculate the most efficient way of building to yield the quickest schedule. Computer software is often times used to estimate and calculate this. Construction managers ... Free Essays on Construction Management Free Essays on Construction Management Construction Management Construction management is a very involving and important career. The definition of this career area is basically the management of construction. This may consist of management of the actual site or the politics behind the raw building. This definition, while imprecise and broad, is in essence the heart of the field. It can be more precisely defined through the specifics of the job. Employers around the world are constantly looking for employees with the broad skills and experience to oversee jobsites and all of the mechanics and aspects of construction. Every construction job requires an overseer, someone who has attained the knowledge and skill to maintain an efficient and quality job. Construction management is a broad career choice that is a very important component in the success of a jobsite. Whether it be a corporate building or a home remodel job, a construction manager is just that, the manager of every stage from start to finish. The job of the Manager is to control and extinguish emergencies, such as delays and bad weather, boost employee morale, and schedule and coordinate the design and construction processes. Managers oversee and take part in managing people, supplies, materials, budgets, schedules and contracts of the various people involved. For very large buildings, construction managers are divided into segments. Managers will be split up to oversee and coordinate a specific area of the construction like site preparation, from the excavation to the surveying. Construction managers also take care of the details of the project before there is any ground breaking. Managers evaluate different methods of building and materials to determine the mos t cost affective budget for construction. At the same time managers calculate the most efficient way of building to yield the quickest schedule. Computer software is often times used to estimate and calculate this. Construction managers ...

Quotes From Pride and Prejudice - Jane Austen

Quotes From 'Pride and Prejudice' - Jane Austen Pride and Prejudice begins with one of classic literatures  most famous lines. It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife. With a keen understanding of courtship, Jane Austen has been credited with helping turn marriages from a contract to a romance. Her novels helped promote the idea of marrying for love. Austen wrote many great heroes but its the hero of her first novel who steals most fans hearts. Mr. Darcy is one of the two most memorable characters in Pride and Prejudice. His battle of wits with Elizabeth Bennet has delighted readers for centuries. Here are a few quotes by (and about) Mr. Darcy. These words will give you a better sense of who he is, and what he appears to want and need in Jane Austens world. Quotes From Mr. Darcy Quotes She is tolerable, but not handsome enough to tempt me; I am in no humor at present to give consequence to young ladies who are slighted by other men. You had better return to your partner and enjoy her smiles, for you are wasting your time with me.- Jane Austen, Pride and Prejudice, Mr Darcy to Mr. Bingley about Elizabeth Bennet; Ch. 3 But I can assure you, she added, that Lizzy does not lose much by not suiting his fancy; for he is a most disagreeable, horrid man, not at all worth pleasing. So high and so conceited that there was no enduring him! He walked here, and he walked there, fancying himself so very great! Not handsome enough to dance with! I wish you had been there, my dear, to have given him one of your set-downs. I quite detest the man.- Jane Austen, Pride and Prejudice, Ch. 3; Mrs. Bennet to Mr. Bennet about Mr. Darcy I could easily forgive his pride, if he had not mortified mine.- Jane Austen, Pride and Prejudice, Ch. 5, Elizabeth about Darcy Your conjecture is totally wrong, I assure you. My mind was more agreeably engaged. I have been meditating on the very great pleasure which a pair of fine eyes in the face of a pretty woman can bestow.- Jane Austen, Pride and Prejudice, Ch. 6; Darcy to Miss Bingley A ladys imagination is very rapid; it jumps from admiration to love, from love to matrimony, in a moment.- Jane Austen, Pride and Prejudice, Ch. 6, Darcy to Miss Bingley Nothing is more deceitful, said Darcy, than the appearance of humility. It is often only carelessness of opinion, and sometimes an indirect boast.- Jane Austen, Pride and Prejudice, Ch. 10; Darcy The power of doing anything with quickness is always prized much by the possessor, and often without any attention to the imperfection of the performance.- Jane Austen, Pride and Prejudice, Ch. 10 To learn more about Pride and Prejudice check out this  study guide.

Personal Definition of the Word Freedom Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Personal Definition of the Word Freedom - Essay Example The researcher states that despite complications in the term interpretation every person naturally understands the great value of freedom, however, sometimes it is difficult to feel free if you did not lose it before. It is impossible to evaluate freedom of thought and speech if you live in a democratic country. To understand the concept you have to feel the limits of your freedom. The researcher thinks that freedom, firstly, presumes freedom from prejudices. Racial, sexual, national prejudices make or world more hostile and less positive place. Prejudices limit the abilities of the person to evaluate the world fairly as they are in most cases based on wrong, shallow knowledge and conclusions. We all are affected by prejudices and certain biases and it is important to keep the mind â€Å"clean† of such things. Freedom form prejudices is a trait of tolerant, mature person, who understands the value of human life regardless of his race, sex, origin or age. The world history has shown numerous examples of discrimination, however, now we are free to choose what to believe. Secondly, freedom is a freedom of choice. Nevertheless, the concept â€Å"freedom of choice† of the person means two things: that we are free and that we have a choice as that. Today the researcher has the right to choose a place to live and to study; he is able to choose a hobby and friends. He can choose which book to read and which music to listen. the researcher believes is free from opinions of people around him. If he does not agree with the majority regarding some issues, it does not mean that he challenge someone`s opinion. Unfortunately, some freedom of choice is illusionary. We are not completely free in our choice of work, for instance, in order to fit into the life we have to make money and we are doomed to choose from a certain list of specialties and companies.